The UK’s widespread childhood immunisation programme means more babies, children and young people are protected against disease than ever before.

Many once-common childhood diseases have been almost completely eradicated with the likes of Polio and TB no longer commonplace. 

Of course, this does not mean children are no longer at risk of catching diseases, including those where a vaccine does exist, e.g. measles and whooping cough, but immunisation does mean that their immune system is more capable of fighting the disease.

Try not to worry too much. Remember, a child’s immune system is very powerful, and the majority of children will recover from their illness quickly and without developing complications.

Non Infectious Diseases

Non-infectious childhood diseases are less common, and are more likely to be caused by lifestyle factors, environmental toxins or gene mutations.

Some non-infectious diseases are short-lived and can be easily treated, e.g. scurvy, anaemia. Others like leukaemia are more serious; however, most children will be fully cured after treatment.

Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance

Antibiotics are powerful medicines used to treat bacterial infections by killing or slowing the growth of the bacteria. They cannot fight viruses so are useless in treating viral infections.

The overuse of antibiotics is leading to an increasing number of bacterial infections becoming resistant to antibacterial medications – this is known as antibacterial resistance. Without effective antibiotics many common bacterial infections will become increasingly dangerous.

Antibiotics should only be taken when absolutely necessary; when they are prescribed, make sure your child finishes the full course.

When to seek medical help

Most childhood illnesses run their course without undue concern. Occasionally, however, you might sense something is wrong.

Children can become seriously ill very quickly so it is crucial to spot the warning signs that their condition is deteriorating and get medical help. The booklet link at the bottom of this page will highlight when you should escalate the care of your child and explains when a child’s symptoms may indicate something more serious.

Above all, follow your instincts. You know your child better than anyone. If you are concerned your child’s symptoms are getting worse, seek medical help immediately. 

when should I worry booklet